Two separate theoretical frameworks suggest that employment may have a negative di- rectional effect on the probability of condom usage in the developing world. However, this prediction initially seems counterintuitive. Due to the dearth of literature predicting condom usage in Brazil, despite its high incidence of HIV infection, I examine the estimated effects of various measures of employment on condom usage at last intercourse for both men and women. Using data from the 1996 Demographic and Health Survey, I estimate the effects of current employment and year-round employment on the probability of men using a condom at last intercourse as well as the effects of current employment, earning income through formal or informal work, and working outside of the home on the likelihood of women using a con- dom at last intercourse. I find that year-round employment decreases the likelihood of men using a condom at last intercourse by 31%. Further, working outside of the home increases the probability of women using a condom at last intercourse by 22%.

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